Classical β-oxidation pathway in the mitochondria

Classical β-oxidation pathway in the mitochondria: Fatty acids (FAs) are activated to form fatty acyl CoA by the acyl CoA synthetase present in the outer mitochondrial membrane. To import FA into mitochondrial matrix, fatty acyl carnitine is formed by carnitine acyl transferase I and the carnitine translocase helps in transporting it into the mitochondrial matrix. Carnitine acyl transferase II converts fatty acyl carnitine back to fatty acyl CoA. β-Oxidation starts with the action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. The mitochondrial trifunctional protein, which consists of enoly CoA hydratase, hydroxyl acyl CoA dehydrogenase and thiolase activities leads to the formation of an acyl CoA molecule with two carbons less and acetyl CoA as products | Natarajan, S. K., Thangaraj, K. R., Goel, A., Eapen, C. E., Balasubramanian, K. A., & Ramachandran, A. (2011). Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: an update on mechanisms. Obstetric medicine, 4(3), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1258/om.2011.100071