Low back pain (LBP)

Introduction Pain in the back from the level of the lowest rib down to the gluteal fold, with or without radiation into the legs. M/C musculoskeletal condition affecting adults (84% prevalence) Leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide LBP is a symptom and not a disease Classification By duration: Acute (< 6 weeks) Sub-chronic…

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM)

Introduction Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) or first & second brachial arch syndrome is an asymmetric craniofacial malformation which results in hypoplasia of the components of the first and second branchial arches: maxilla, mandible, external and middle ear, facial and trigeminal nerves, muscles of mastication, and overlying soft tissue. 2nd M/C birth defect of the face (after cleft…

Orbital cellulitis

Infective process involving ocular adnexal structures posterior to the orbital septum.

Sciatica

Introduction Pain and/or paresthesias in the distribution of the sciatic nerve or an associated lumbosacral nerve root. Sciatica is a symptom of an underlying condition and not a disease itself Aetiology Spinal causes: Herniated lumbar disc with nerve root compression (M/C cause overall, 90% cases) Poor posture, trauma, strong rotational movement Lumbar spinal stenosis (elderly) Narrowing…