Contents
Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention in multiple settings (school, home, places of worship, etc), not appropriate for a person’s age.
- M/C neurobehavioral disorder in children
- Normal intelligence present
- Affects 5% (children & adolescents) and 2.5% (adults) worldwide.
History

Etiology


Clinical features

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) clinical types:
- Predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI or ADHD-I)
- ≥ 6 hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms
- < 6 inattention symptoms
- Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-PH or ADHD-HI) (M/C sybtype)
- ≥ 6 inattention symptoms
- < 6 hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms
- Combined type (ADHD-C)
- ≥ 6 symptoms each of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity
Case studies:
…sort of
Diagnosis
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria:
- Developmentally inappropriate behaviour compared to normal children of same age
- Must begin before 12 years age
- Must last for ≥ 6 months
- Must be present in ≥ 2 settings
- Must be reported as such by independent observers
- Must not be secondary to another disorder

Management

Pharmacological management:
- Stimulants: Methylphenidate (DOC), amphetamine and their derivatives
- Newer mode of administration: Osmotic controlled release oral delivery system (OROS)
- Alternatives (non-stimulant medications): Atomoxetine (SNRI), guanfacine, clonidine (α-agonist)
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Summary
